Event Review I 2019-03-29

RAYS and CAS Signed an Industry-University-Research Collaboration Agreement

Valves are an important part of the equipment manufacturing industry. They are indispensable fluid control equipment for pressure-bearing special equipment boilers, pressure vessels and pressure pipes. They are widely applied in: petroleum, chemical, power, long-distance pipelines, shipbuilding, nuclear industry, aerospace, onshore & offshore oil recovery, and other fields.With the development of cryogenic technology – liquid helium (LHe), liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid nitrogen (LN2), liquid oxygen (LO2) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) are evolving in the fields of nuclear fusion energy, aerospace, petrochemical industry and daily life. The application in the field is becoming more and more extensive, and people put forward higher requirements on the performance of the cryogenic valve matched with the pipeline transportation system. Because the operating temperature of the cryogenic valve is extremely low [i.e. liquid helium (-268.9 ºC), liquid oxygen (-218.8 ºC), liquid hydrogen (-252 ºC), liquefied natural gas (-161.6 ºC), etc.], the design and manufacture of valves presents a series of serious technical challenges.Zhejiang is a large province for valve manufacturing, and the valve output value has accounted for nearly one-third of the total valve output value of the country. Although the backbone enterprises in the province have been able to design and manufacture various valves in accordance with international standards such as: ISO, DIN, and API. Some of the manufacturer’s products have reached the international advanced level and there is still a huge gap with foreign companies in the core technologies. Also, high-end valves still rely on imports.The Project of Natural Gas Transmission from West to East China is a very large-scale infrastructure for the construction of the country during the tenth five-year period. A large number of LNG (liquefied natural gas) Terminals are required to be built along the way. The LNG Terminal Phase I Project basically purchases cryogenic valves from foreign manufacturers such as South Korea S&S, American Flowserve, Spain Poyam, British Orton, Italian TAI, etc. Domestic valves are only purchased as spare parts.In recent years, the country has actively implemented the strategic measures for the localization of major equipment, which has brought a rare opportunity for the development of the valve manufacturing industry. The State Council issued a request to rely on key projects in the fields of high-efficiency clean power generation, natural gas pipeline transportation, liquefaction storage and transportation, and targeted domestic production of key products. Through investigation, it was found that the cryogenic valve is a cutthroat product of the above key projects.Against this background, RAYS Flow control, Inc. (RAYS) and Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have signed an Industry-University-Research collaboration agreement in March 2019 to implement the national innovation driving strategy. The agreement will carry out the following cooperation around the field of cryogenic valves:1. Research and development of new cryogenic valve materials;2. Development and application of cryogenic valve technology;3.Research on related science and technology projects;In summary, the two sides will make full use of the: talents, intellectual strengths, scientific research capabilities of CAS, market resources, and production conditions of RAYS. In order to play their respective roles, they share resources through technological innovation to promote technological progress and the transformation of scientific research achievement. With the management level, we will establish a close cooperation relationship between “production, study and research” to form a pattern of mutual promotion of research and industry, common development, and a win-win situation between industry & academia.The scientific research results brought by this cooperation will exert significant economic and social benefits and contribute to the development of China’s valve industry..slt {display:none}…

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Insight I 2018-11-24

A Brief Analysis of Fugitive Emission Valves

Since the modern industrial revolution, the global economy has developed by leaps and bounds. At the same time, mankind has paid a more painful environmental cost. With the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, extreme weather has become more and more common, and it seems to be the inescapable fate of mankind.The main culprit of environmental pollution and the greenhouse effect are industrial greenhouse gases and pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. In order to alleviate the environmental impact of global industrialization, strategies to control volatile gas emissions have been implemented internationally, and international standards or norms have been formed. While some developed countries have taken the lead in environmental control, we have also issued and implemented standards for FE valves, and are increasingly accepted by users. Every two years, “FUGITIVE EMISSIONS SUMMIT CHINA” takes place within the global industry while sharing their: experience, technology, and innovation on the topic of escape leakage control and LDAR practice. It is precisely because of the release of such relevant standards and the organization of activities that the standardization of fugitive emission has been more widely studied and developed.Fugitive emission refers to the emission of any chemical substance or compound in any physical form from an unanticipated or untrue leakage of equipment in an industrial site. The scientific dictionary defines fugitive emissions as Contaminants released into the atmosphere due to leakage, evaporation or wind, as well as several concepts related to them – such as low-evaporation of organic compounds. Typical chemical plant leak sources include valves (packing, bonnet connections), pump seals, compressors, flanges/joints, and safety/pressure relief devices.Valve leakage includes external leakage and internal leakage. The general leakage evaluation standard for valves is the visible leakage of the valve. However, fugitive emission strictly refers to invisible leakage, which needs to be detected by means of instruments, and often refers to leakage in packing area and gasket area. Gasket area is generally static seal and easy to control/diffuse leakage. Packing area is a dynamic seal and the movement of valve stem is easy to cause packing leakage.Generally speaking, the main factors affecting the valve packing leakage are as follows:TemperatureThe packing has a higher expansion value at a higher temperature than the metal member in contact therewith, and the packing is compressed. If the packing can pass the fugitive test at normal temperature, it can pass the fugitive test at high temperature (the loss rate of the filler itself is small), so the packing can easily pass through at the first normal temperature and the first high temperature. If the temperature is lowered from the first high temperature of 400 C to the second room temperature test, the shrinkage of the packing is larger than that of the metal part, but the cavity of the packing is unchanged compared with the first room temperature condition. Theoretically, the volume of the graphite packing is also unchanged. However, after high temperature, the packing has a certain loss of burning, so the inside of the packing will become loose. Then the resilience of the packing will decrease, and the stress inside the packing will be lowered after the high temperature drops to normal temperature. The torque of the pressure plate bolt is reduced, which is easy to cause leakage. However, by applying the packing to the torque value at the first room temperature, the original leak rate can be satisfied.Valve position toleranceThe shape and position tolerances of the parts that have an influence on the packing fugitive test are: the straightness of the valve stem, the machining position tolerance of the valve cover and the stem nut, and the assembly error. The accumulation of error eventually causes the valve stem to deflect at an angle to the packing. The side pressure of the packing rod in the reciprocating motion is constantly changing, and it is easy to cause leakage in a place where the side pressure is small. Also, after a certain number of reciprocating movements of the valve stem, the continuous extrusion of the packing causes the effective clearance of the inner hole of the packing to become larger, resulting in easier leakage.Stem, packing gland surface finishThe smoother the stem and packing gland, the easier the packing will seal. The tiny unevenness of the graphite-filled metal surface is much easier. From the economic analysis that satisfies the seal and valve manufacturing, the surface finish of the stem is generally Ra0.4-0.6 μm, and the surface finish of the packing gland is generally set to Ra1.6-3.2 μm.Gland, stem clearance, packing gland, and gland clearanceValve design and manufacturing should ensure that the gap between the gland and the valve stem is greater than the gap between the packing gland and the gland. This is to ensure that the valve stem will not bite with the gland during the movement. Although the gap between the gland and the valve stem is smaller, the packing is easier to seal, but the gap between the gland and the valve stem should not be too small. Due to the manufacturing error of the valve, too small of a gap is likely to cause a bite on the valve stem. Due to the presence of the packing end ring, maintaining a proper clearance between the gland and the stem does not cause the packing to leak beyond the standard.The environmental impact of the valve during use is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of the valve. Among them, the fugitive emission index of the valve is an important parameter to evaluate the environmental protection of the valve. The FE requirement of the valve has become the basic requirement for valve design and manufacture.In 2015, the API600 standard, widely used in the valve industry, first added the API 624 to the standard text for the valve’s FE test. With the Chinese National Standard (GB), the valve standard for hydro-treating units has also clearly required FE testing in accordance with ISO15848.ISO15848, VDI2440, API624, MESC SPE77/312, etc. are FE standards that are widely used in the valve field. These standards are based on helium or methane gas as a leak detection medium and are detected by proton spectroscopy. The sensitivity is usually 10-12 Pa*m3*s-1.Fugitive Emission is not a new topic. Although society’s concerns about air quality and environmental issues continue to heat up, the petrochemical industry’s application of FE control, leak detection, and repair technology have only just begun in recent years. Undoubtedly, the requirements for FE testing and evaluation have promoted the continuous improvement of industrial development. As far as the valve industry is concerned, the precision of machining and the quality of seals continue to improve. Thus, FE valves will gradually become the mainstream of the high-end valve market.…

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